Development of speed endurance and coordination abilities of schoolchildren with the help of exercise Classics

e aim of the study is to study the in uence of the exercise «Classic’s» in the lessons of physical culture in school on the performance of speed endurance and coordination abilities of children 8-9 years. Material – the Study was conducted during the school year in a regular school in Kirov, Russia. e study involved schoolchildren from the second grade in the amount of 50 people. e lesson on physical culture at school lasted for 40 minutes, during the week there were two lessons. Indicators of speed endurance were determined by the test «Jumping through rope», indicators of coordination abilities were determined by the test «Shuttle run». Mathematical processing of the results of the study was carried out using programs Excel-2016, Bio-Stat-2009, T-Student, reliability at P<0.05. Results – a er nine months of pedagogical experiment the results improved in both groups. e children in the control group improved their performance in the «Jumping through rope» test by 13.1% (P<0.05), and the performance in the «Shuttle run» test improved from 10.1±0.9 seconds to 9.7±0.5 seconds (P<0.05). e schoolchildren from the EG had signi cantly improved in both tests. In the test «Jumping through rope», the result has improved by 40% (P<0.05), and in the test «Shuttle run» the result has improved from 10.5±0.8 to 8.5 h±0.5 h (P<0.05). e results of the study in the EG say about the e ectiveness of the use of exercises «Classic’s» in physical education lessons at school. Conclusion – if at each lesson on physical culture at school schoolchildren will perform the exercise «Classic’s» the level of development of speed endurance and coordination abilities will increase signi cantly.


Introduction
In terms of secondary school great importance is attached to the motor mode of schoolchildren. From its correct organization depends largely on the health and performance of schoolchildren. Insu cient motor activity can cause a number of serious changes in the body of the schoolchildren. e negative consequences of insu cient motor activity are accompanied by a decrease in the resistance of the young organism to colds and infectious diseases, the prerequisites for the formation of a weak, untrained heart are created. Lesson in physical culture at school is an organized form of classes at school (Castelli, 2007;Shuba, 2016;Donnelly et al., 2016;De Giorgio et al., 2018). From primary school age should develop most of the physical abilities of schoolchildren, such as exibility, speed and others. A favorable period for the development of speed endurance and coordination abilities is the age from seven to eleven years. Purposefully develop physical abilities better in the sensitive period, as it is in them that the greatest e ect of the growth of results and higher rates of growth of indicators of developing abilities is carried out (Starosta & Hirtz, 2002;Larisa, 2006).
Coordination abilities provide economical expenditure of energy resources of children, a ect the amount of their use. Coordination capabilities lead to higher density and variability of the processes of control of movements, to increase motor experiences, increase human capabilities in managing their movements (Erceg et al., 2010;Shawkat, 2014;Fernandes et al., 2016;Jaakkola et al., 2017;Čillík & Willwéber, 2018). Speed endurance is the ability of a person to perform muscular work with maximum intensity for a long time. Speed endurance to ensure the e ectiveness of competitive activity in sports, in industrial and domestic motor activity (Holodov & Khuznetsov, 2009).
Realization of development of all physical abilities is put in the standard program on physical culture at school (Lyakh & Zdanevich, 2010). However, to realize the potential of schoolchildren and increase motor activity in the classroom at school is not always possible. One of the problems is the lack of a comfortable sports hall and a place for the implementation of the lesson on physical culture, in this regard, the motor activity of schoolchildren is not high, as well as the motor density of the lesson. It is possible to solve this problem if to develop and introduce in system of physical education new physical exercise which does not demand special preparation, big expenses. Exercise that does not distract from the main goals of the lesson and physically develops schoolchildren.
e hypothesis of the study is the assumption that if in a secondary school with children 8-9 years at each lesson in physical culture at school to perform the exercise «Classic's», it will signi cantly improve the performance of speed endurance and coordination abilities, as well as schoolchildren will increase interest in physical education, improve motor density lesson in physical culture at school. e aim of the study is to study the in uence of the exercise «Classic's» in the lessons of physical culture in school on the performance of speed endurance and coordination abilities of children 8-9 years.

Materials And Methods
Participants: 50 schoolchildren from school №60, Kirov, Russia participated in the pedagogical experiment from September to May. Boys and girls from the second grade were healthy and had medical clearance from the doctor for practical lessons. Physical education classes were held twice a week for forty minutes each lesson.
Procedure: 25 schoolchildren from grade 2A formed a control group (CG), these children were engaged in the usual program of physical culture at school (Lyakh & Zdanevich, 2010).
25 schoolchildren from 2B class formed an experimental group (EG), these children were engaged in the usual program, but in addition to each physical education lesson performed exercise «Classic's». An example of the exercise «Classic's» is presented in the form of table 1. e principle of the exercise «Classic's»: Before the lesson on the oor of the gym teacher draws three large squares, inside each square he draws nine small squares with numbers in them. e task of the schoolchild in his spare time during the lesson to overcome all three large squares, jumping is allowed in any way and start with any free square from number one to number two and so on to number nine, then jump in reverse order to number one. In case of an error, can return to the previous square.
Control tests: 1) Assessment of the level of development of speed endurance was carried out using the test «Jumping through rope» (Hirtz, 1985;Lyakh & Zdanevich, 2010). Starting position for jumps: stand upright, throw the rope behind his back, gaze direct in front of you, and slightly bend your arms at the elbows, hands to take on 15-20 cm from the thighs. While in the starting position, start to rotate the rope. e total number of jumps within one minute is calculated. 2) Assessment of the level of development of coordination abilities was carried out using the test «Shuttle run 3x10m» (Lyakh, 2006;Polevoy, 2019).

Statistical analysis:
Excel (2016) and Biostatistica (2009) were used for mathematical and statistical processing of the results. Parametric criterion T-Student, the result was considered reliable at P<0.05 (Oldham, 1993;Khusainova et al., 2016)

Results
Before the beginning of the pedagogical experiment, all schoolchildren passed control tests, the di erence in the results between the schoolchildren of 2A and 2B class was not reliable. A er the study, the indicators changed in EG and CG (table 2). physical education in school, as well as the impact of the sensitive period in the development of these abilities, which provides a natural increase in the studied indicators.
Indicators in EG improved signi cantly from the beginning to the end of the pedagogical experiment. In the test «Jumping through rope», the result has improved by 40% (P<0.05), and in the test «Shuttle run» the result has improved from 10.5±0.8 seconds to 8.5±0.5 seconds (P<0.05). The results of the study in the EG say about the e ectiveness of the use of exercises «Classic's» in physical education lessons at school.

Discussion
Low motor activity of schoolchildren is associated with intensive educational work, with a large volume of homework, additional classes a er school and so on. Time is not enough for a walk and participation in outdoor games with peers. Physical education lesson di ers from the usual lessons of emotion, the ability to move. (Castelli, 2007;François & Roy, 2008;Gary et al., 2012;Donnelly et al., 2016;Shuba, 2016;De Giorgio et al., 2018). It is at the lessons of physical culture at school that a whole complex of methodological approaches, recommendations, principles, means and methods of in uence is realized. e standard program of physical culture includes the formation of discipline of schoolchildren, the development of physical abilities, knowledge, skills in physical culture, learning new movements. Some authors propose to replace the standard program with new techniques that have proven e ective, but only in some aspects. (Chiodera et al., 2008;Gregor & Janko, 2012;Maureen et al., 2013;Dallolio et al., 2016). e solution to the problem of increasing motor activity in physical education lessons at school can be by supplementing the standard program, not replacing it. e e ectiveness of the use of the standard program for high school schoolchildren is proved by this study, as children who did not perform additional tasks during the study were able to improve the performance of speed endurance and coordination abilities.
For coaches and teachers working in the eld of physical education and sports, knowledge of sensitive periods is extremely important, as a certain amount of physical activity, only in the sensitive period provides the greatest training e ect. is e ect in other age periods is much more di cult to achieve. e age of 8-9 years is a favorable period for the development of speed endurance and coordination abilities of children (Starosta & Hirtz, 2002;Larisa, 2006;Charles et al., 2011). e results of the study conrm this fact, as the performance of all schoolchildren improved during the pedagogical experiment.
e e ectiveness of the exercise «Classic's» in the classroom for physical education at school proved by the results of the study. Children who were engaged in the standard program of physical culture and additionally performed the exercise «Classic's» signi cantly improved the performance of speed endurance and coordination abilities. e peculiarity of the exercise «Classic's» is its simplicity. Its implementation does not require a lot of space, special equipment or training. It is enough to start moving in any square at any time during the lesson.
One of the operating levers of activation of educational and motor activity, school schoolchildren at a lesson of physical culture at primary school is a competitive and game method. is is a method that eliminates the compulsion to learn, where there is learning through play and competition. It causes joy in children, promotes movement in learning forward. It helps to solve the main problem of physical activity of schoolchildren of any age and sexual di erences (Wood & Hall, 2015). e implementation of the competitive method is noted in physical education lessons when performing the exercise «Classic's», when schoolchildren try to perform the exercise at high speed, competing with each other. is increases the emotional picture of the lesson in physical culture.
An important aspect in working with children is the use of individual and di erentiated approach. e disciple should feel only joy from the results of his work, receive a sense of inner satisfaction. Correctly calculated physical activity is an important condition for the education of children con dence in their abilities, the emergence of a positive psychological attitude necessary for success. (Burke et al., 2005;Whipp et al., 2014;Kozina et al., 2015;Milić et al., 2017;Ion et al., 2018). During the study, children independently selected for themselves the load when performing the exercise «Classic's», the height and duration of jumps. Also, the time spent on the exercise and the speed of its implementation, depending on their functional and psychological state.

Conclusion
e increase in physical activity of schoolchildren is possible if the standard program of physical culture in the school is supplemented with new elements, such as the exercise «Classic's». At the same time, if you perform the exercise «Classic's» at each lesson of physical culture in school, the performance of speed endurance and coordina-tion abilities will improve signi cantly. At the same time, the motor mode of pupils, motor density of a lesson and motivational need for the subsequent lessons on physical culture, thanks to introduction of new exercise will increase. e research is relevant for the modern education system. e results of the pedagogical experiment are useful for teachers of physical culture and sports of secondary and sports schools.